In a market of people and bots, people only need to show up where the bots are wrong. Malone's football experiment found mixed human and bot markets beat either alone, and he argues the market pays humans to step in only in unusual cases, like air travel on 12 September 2001, while in routine cases humans have little incentive to take part. That is a design answer to the average loss from combining humans and AI in his own 2024 meta-analysis, and a warning: in routine times the market gives humans nothing to do.

Evidence 3 passages

• groundsUntitled source

  This combination of diverse approaches resulted in overall predictions that were better than either the people or computers made alone.

• qualifiesUntitled source

  in routine situations, like predicting airline travel on a normal day, computers can often do a good job, and humans have little incentive to participate

• groundsUntitled source

  it can even work with simple prediction algorithms, like statistical regression, that have existed for decades

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