Life support is closed for water, not for a settlement: ISS reached 98% water recovery in 2023 (up from 93-94%), but food and replacement parts still come from Earth, so parts manufacture, not recycling rate, binds independence.

Evidence 1 passage

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  Before the BPA, our total water recovery was between 93 and 94% overall,” says Jill Williamson, ECLSS water subsystems manager. “We have now demonstrated that we can reach total water recovery of 98%, thanks to the brine processor.

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