Tasks whose outputs carry no single verifiable answer are scored by judges other than their performer: the recursive-harness protocol evaluates whole code repositories by pairwise preference across multiple criteria, so an absent objective outcome measure does not leave the performer as the only judge.

Evidence 1 passage

• groundsUntitled source

  Such repositories cannot be reliably evaluated using a single metric because they must be assessed across *multiple criteria*, including functional correctness, task alignment, reproducibility, and code quality. Moreover, these criteria are often difficult to aggregate into a single numerical score but are naturally expressed through *pairwise preferences* between outputs.

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