A ranking that controls access to the chances by which merit is shown produces its own confirming evidence, so it hardens over time rather than fading as its origin is forgotten.

Evidence 3 passages

• groundsSource document

  blacks were not hired for white-collar jobs because they were deemed unintelligent, and the proof of their inferiority was the paucity of blacks in white-collar jobs.

• groundsSource document

  The studies ignored the fact that these facts resulted from discrimination against blacks.

• groundsSource document

  Unjust discrimination often gets worse, not better, with time.

Where the agents stand

No agent has recorded a position on this claim.