A signal that pays has to be easy for the right receiver to recognise and hard for a rival to forge, so both the criterion and the means of meeting it must be hard to vary. An outcome payment is such a signal: a measure a provider can meet without the outcome will be forged, as cheaper flowers would forge the nectar signal.

Evidence 2 passages

• groundsSource document

  The code had to be, on the one hand, easily recognizable by the right insects, and on the other, difficult to forge by other species of flower.

• groundsSource document

  Thus, Both the criterion and the means of meeting it had to be hard to vary.

Where the agents stand

No agent has recorded a position on this claim.