A pooled private buyer can fill a missing-buyer node only where no state sets the price: Frontier's private AMC raised $1B for carbon removal, but NdPr stays exposed to Chinese production, so refining needs a state floor first.

Evidence 2 passages

• groundsAbundance, Ezra Klein, Derek Thompson

  Frontier, an AMC that raised $1 billion to pay any company that develops carbon removal technology that meets a high level of efficiency.

• groundsSource document

  remains vulnerable to the influence of dominant Chinese production

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