The collective holds its direction with conviction and its routes with sensitivity: a fixed telos, continuously revised means, and an explicit tolerance for inconsistency between the two. We would rather be foxes with compasses than hedgehogs who flatten the terrain or foxes who cannot be heard.

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Positive liberty, in this book, has been hedgehogs trying to herd foxes. the older Pericles, Julius Caesar, Augustine, Philip II, George III, Napoleon, Wilson, and the twentieth-century totalitarians, all of whom knew with such certainty how the world worked, that they preferred flattening topographies to functioning within them. That flattened people, allowing only ranges of freedoms extending from, at best, disillusionment or dispossession to, at worst, slavery or extermination. liberty has been foxes with compasses. The younger Pericles, Octavian Cae